{"id":1968,"date":"2010-10-04T15:27:26","date_gmt":"2010-10-04T22:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/?p=1968"},"modified":"2010-10-04T15:28:02","modified_gmt":"2010-10-04T22:28:02","slug":"amina-shaabi-music-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/10\/04\/amina-shaabi-music-history\/","title":{"rendered":"From the Street to the Virtual Cafe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art51\/graphics51\/shaabicollage.jpg\" alt=\"Shaabi Cassettes\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>The History of Shaabi<\/h2>\n<h3>by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/aboutuspages\/amina.htm\">Amina Goodyear<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"footnotes\">posted October 4, 2010<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><em>In February and September of 2009 <span class=\"artist\">Amina Goodyear<\/span> and <span class=\"artist\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/aboutuspages\/DebraLammam.htm\">Debbie Smith<\/a><\/span> gave workshops on Shaabi. We called it  Keda? Keda Ho! (Like this? Like this!)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> What is  Shaabi?<\/em><\/p>\n<ul >\n<li> As a  word, Shaabi has multiple meanings in Arabic: \u201cfolk\u201d, \u201cpopular (of the people).\u201d<\/li>\n<li> As a  musical form, Shaabi is the voice of the street, an urban expression full of  feeling, double entendres, and social commentary.<\/li>\n<li> As a  dance, Shaabi reflects a true and authentic expression of the Egyptian people  and their humor and playfulness..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em> We  presented an in-depth look at Shaabi music and its place in Egyptian culture-  from a historical, social and artistic perspective. Through looking at the  great Shaabi singers of the past and present, we explored dimensions of class,  neighborhood, and urban life unique to Cairo, and the movements you can use to  bring the spirit of Egyptian Shaabi music to your dance.<br \/>\nI would  like to share some of this information with you&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p> In the  1970&#8217;s after the introduction and popularization of cassette tape recorders and  their accompanying boom boxes, musicians and singers all over the world were  able to sidestep the corporate world and self-produce and self-promote. <\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\">There  were several movements throughout the world that seemed to simultaneously  create music in the genre called &quot;cassette culture&quot;. Most notably  this type of music was evident in England and the U.S. with punk music, in  Jamaica with Reggae, in Algeria with Rai and in Egypt with Shaabi music. <\/p>\n<p>The  literal origin of the word Shaabi (Sha\u2019bi) in Egyptian Arabic is &quot;of the  common people&quot;. Here we will refer to it as music created by working class  people, mainly of the younger generation.<\/p>\n<p> <span class=\"artist\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art51\/graphics51\/Nasser.jpg\" alt=\"Nasser\" width=\"112\" height=\"120\" align=\"left\" \/>Gamal  Abdel Nasser<\/span>, Egypt&#8217;s president who gave Egypt back to the Egyptians died in  1970 and some of his nationalism died too.The policies of the government that  followed opened the doors to the West. The working class people (Shaabi) with  their rural roots were finally able to enjoy a little economic relief. Thanks  to the newly oil rich Gulf Arabs hiring Egyptians and thanks to their tourism  in Egypt, money flowed enough to make owning cassette players and boom boxes a  staple in their homes. But in the 1970&#8217;s Egypt also lost three of it&#8217;s beloved  singers &#8211; <span class=\"artist\">Farid al Atrache<\/span>, <span class=\"artist\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art36\/YasminOmK.htm\">Om Kalthoum<\/a><\/span> and <span class=\"artist\">Abdel Halim Hafez<\/span>. All this marked  the end of Egypt&#8217;s <em>Golden Age<\/em> and the era of pure love, unattainable love and  repressed sexuality. It was time to move from fantasy and dreams to reality.  The people needed to move on and were ready to declare war against the monied  society and its conservative codes, the government, politics, corruption and  just the general state of affairs in their miserable lives. True, there was a  little more money flowing, but only enough to let them know that there really  wasn&#8217;t enough. With the readily available cassettes &#8211; commercially made,  homemade and bootlegged &#8211; the Shaabi people were able to sustain a voice and it  was no longer ruled by that Egyptian monopoly, RCA, the so-called &quot; voice  of the people&quot;.<\/p>\n<table width=\"124\" border=\"0\" align=\"right\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=B000QZVYOA&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=B000PMGNX6&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=B000003QK6&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>The  first well known Shaabi singer is undeniably <span class=\"artist\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/05\/17\/aminaadaweyashaabi\/\">Ahmed Adaweya<\/a><\/span>. I like to call him  the godfather of Shaabi music. He used his voice to sing songs of protest to  various social injustices and veiled commentaries on the government and its  policies and the cassettes he made spread the word. He was born in the mid  1940&#8217;s in a working class (Shaabi) &quot;hood&quot; (harah) in the outskirts of  Maadi, a district in the southern part of Cairo. He eventually moved to Mohamed  Ali Street (also known as Shariaa al Fann -Street of the Artists) where he  changed careers and gave up plumbing to work as a waiter in a caf\u00e9. There he  was able to present folk songs and his popular mawaweel (pl. of mawwal or vocal  improvisations, usually heart-wrenching). By the end of the 1960\u2019s he went from  singing at mulids (religious festivals) and street weddings to high-class  weddings in hotels. In the early 1970s he was singing regularly in the clubs on  Shariaa al Haram (Pyramids Road) and his popularity and his new sound sold  millions of cassettes. <\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\">With his baladi roots, his shisha smokers&#8217; raspy voice,  his memorable mawal and sometimes satirical lyrics, his combination of modern  and tradtional instruments, and just his general gruffness and way of life, he  provided a template for the Shaabi singers who followed him.<\/p>\n<p> Shaabi  music is the sound and voice of the working class people. Many of these people  are first and second generation from the countryside and they brought their  baladi sounds with them to the city. They combined the Egyptian folk music and  traditional instruments with the urban classic or art music and modern western  instruments. Although it may seem that there is disregard for the traditional  and cultural in their songs, quite the opposite is true. Their music is  actually more versed in the Egyptian vernacular than the music and songs of the  upper class modernized and westernized Egyptians. (Our beloved <span class=\"artist\">Mohamed Abdel  Wahab<\/span>&#8216;s music was quite influenced by European and Russian composers. His music  probably gave permission for others to follow along the same vein. Some of  <span class=\"artist\">Farid al Atrache<\/span>&#8216;s songs are good examples.)<\/p>\n<p>The  singer&#8217;s voice, besides being emotional almost to the point of tears, quite  often has a low, raw and raspy almost gruff edge. The singer may begin many of  the songs with a plaintive mawal. This vocal improvisation like much of the  mawaweel of traditional Egyptian songs may sing of love, but often will be  couched with references of disdain for the government, corruption and the  establishment and other social issues.The mawal usually does not have a rhythm,  but it may be accompanied or answered by the traditional nai, or the modern  accordion, saxophone or keyboard.The mawal tells of the beliefs and feelings of  the singer and sets the emotional stage for the actual song. <span class=\"artist\">Ahmed Adaweya<\/span>,  <span class=\"artist\">Hasan al Asmar<\/span> and <span class=\"artist\">Shaaban<\/span> were known for their mawaweel (pl) and many times  their mawal would be the song. Following the mawal and preceding the actual  song and melody is usually a fast upbeat tempo (such as maqsoum saeria- double  time maqsoum) played by the tabla.The song, short and fast, can sometimes be  shorter than the mawal and can broach many subjects. The lyrics are usually  simple, contain slang or street talk and may complain of many things such as  the use or non-use of drugs and alcohol, poverty, work and money, love and  marriage, food (which is usually used as a metaphor for sex) and just the  general hopelessness of living and life in general. More recently the state of  economy has brought about even more depression and many of the songs also  appeal to a greater power.<\/p>\n<p> These  songs, used as a popular form of resistance, using humor, irreverence and  street talk to mask the true meanings, are often censored in the governmental  supported media. Through the cassette culture cottage industry, they are passed  on from person to kiosk, to taxi drivers and microbuses, and on to the general  popular public. More recently Shaabi styled artists such as <span class=\"artist\">Hakim<\/span> and <span class=\"artist\">Saad<\/span> have  been &quot;discovered&quot; and their music, although sometimes censored  locally, has nevertheless been promoted worlwide as the music of the youth  &quot;in-crowd&quot; or the &quot;hood&quot; &#8211; music like hip hop and reggae &#8211; slightly  bad, so it&#8217;s really in.The cassettes are a cheap and easy way to distribute the  music. Even the stars such as Hakim and Saad don&#8217;t seem to object to their  music being bootlegged because the sales and thus, their popularity, can  eventually lead to big gigs in large venues &#8211; and this translates to big money.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\"> Another  newer method of passing on the Shaabi music has been through the more modern  tools that are virtually accessible to all. This is the mobile phone and the  internet. In the late 1900&#8217;s the saying was &quot;telephone, telegraph, tell an  Arab&quot;. Now in the 21st century that funny little joke is a reality as the  mobile and the internet indeed quickly spread the lyrical word.<\/p>\n<p> Also  there is a slew of new Shaabi musicians using the nomenclature DJ Mulid and DJ  Sufi. They hang out at mulids (religious festivals) and remix songs for the  youth to dance to. Many of these Shaabi songs latch onto the rising  conservatism of the times.The songs of love and money and the lack of both,  seem to focus more on social injustice, poverty and giving up drugs and  alcohol.The melodies and remixes can be hypnotic and trance-like (as in a dhikr  -repetitious invocations) and often invoke the aid of a higher being.This new  music is quite popular in Shaabi weddings as the repetitive rhythms and lyrics  pull the audience in and are quite danceable.<\/p>\n<p> This  modern urban musical style with its rural roots combines a very eclectic range  of instruments from the most classic and traditional such as the riq, cymbals,  large and small (tura and sagat), the nai and the kanoun to the western  violins, accordion, saxophone, trumpet, electric keyboard and now the digital  sounds of the computer.<\/p>\n<p> Since  the turn of the 20th century Mohamed Ali Street was the main Shaabi center of  these urbanized baladi artists &#8211; artists who had their roots in the country.  Today, thanks or no thanks to the gentrification of the historic parts of Cairo  and the economic neccessities to move to the outskirts of Cairo such as to  Feisal Street and Pyramids Road (southeast towards the pyramids and Giza), the  new main Shaabi center for the baladi artists &#8211; the musicians and singers &#8211; is  the mobile and the internet. The Shaabi neighborhoods are now linked &#8211; almost  as in a virtual Shaabi center.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table width=\"400\" border=\"0\" align=\"right\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<object width=\"425\" height=\"344\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/dfa75JNswuM?fs=1&amp;hl=en_US&amp;color1=0xe1600f&amp;color2=0xfebd01\" \/><\/param><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><\/param><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/param><embed src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/dfa75JNswuM?fs=1&amp;hl=en_US&amp;color1=0xe1600f&amp;color2=0xfebd01\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"425\" height=\"344\"><\/embed><\/object>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"sectiontitle\">TIME  LINE<\/span><br \/>\n(Singers  and Cassette information \u2013 approximate dates)<\/p>\n<p> 1952  End of Monarchy (<span class=\"artist\">King Farouk<\/span>) in Egypt by military coup.<span class=\"artist\">Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/span>  becomes president of the new republic.\u201cEgypt for Egyptians!\u201d finally.<br \/>\n1956  Suez Crisis (with British). Suez Canal nationalized.<br \/>\n1960&#8217;s Aswan  High Dam \u2013 Nubians relocated. Many moved to Cairo<br \/>\n1967  Arab\/Israeli war. Israel\u2019s army defeats combined Arab forces and occupies West  Bank, Sinai, Golan Heights.<br \/>\n1970  <span class=\"artist\">Nasser<\/span> dies, succeeded by <span class=\"artist\">Sadat <\/span>\u2013 Sadat is pro-west<br \/>\n1971  <span class=\"artist\">Ahmed Adaweya<\/span><br \/>\n1973  Release of &quot;Zahma Dunya Zahma&quot; by <span class=\"artist\">Ahmed Adaweya<\/span> in cassette format.  October War by Egypt and Syria against Israel.<br \/>\n1974  Kat Kut cassettes &#8211; <span class=\"artist\">Farid al Atrache<\/span> dies<br \/>\n1975 <span class=\"artist\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art36\/YasminOmK.htm\">Om  Kalsoum<\/a><\/span> dies<br \/>\n1977<span class=\"artist\"> Abdel Halim Hafez <\/span>dies &#8211; Belly Dance clubs attacked in Cairo<br \/>\n1979  Egypt and Israel sign peace treaty. Egypt banned from the Arab League<br \/>\n1980\u2019s  <span class=\"artist\">Shaaban Abdel Rehim<\/span> cassettes<br \/>\n1981  <span class=\"artist\">Sadat<\/span> is assassinated and succeeded by <span class=\"artist\">Hosni Mubarak<\/span><br \/>\n1984  Belly Dance clubs torched<br \/>\n1985  <span class=\"artist\">Hasan Al Asmar, Abdel Basit Hamouda<\/span> cassettes<br \/>\n1988  <span class=\"artist\">Hamdi Batshan<\/span> cassette<br \/>\n1990  Yallah! Cassette with <span class=\"artist\">Shaaban Abdel Rehim<\/span>, <span class=\"artist\">Samy Aly, Hasan Al Asmar<\/span>. (this is  the mainstream of older &quot;cottage industry&quot; cassettes) &#8211;<span class=\"artist\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art45\/leilayoutubetour.htm\">Hakim<\/a><\/span>  cassettes<br \/>\n1991  <span class=\"artist\">Mohamed Abdel Wahab<\/span> dies<br \/>\n2001 DJ  Mulid Shaabi music <span class=\"artist\">Shaaban Abdel Rehim<\/span> makes Shaabi history with &quot;Ana  Bakra Israel&quot;<br \/>\n2004 <span class=\"artist\">Saad  al Soghayar<\/span><br \/>\n2005  Digital cassette &quot;Immortal Records&quot;<br \/>\n2008 DJ  computer mixes on cassettes includes mulid carnival sounds DJ compilations  available free on internet &#8211; Film &quot;Cabaret&quot;with <span class=\"artist\">Mahmoud El Leithy<\/span> DJ  mulid song<br \/>\n2009  Film &quot;El Farah&quot; with <span class=\"artist\">Abdel Baset Hamouda<\/span>&#8216;s &quot;Ana Mush  Arefni&quot; and <span class=\"artist\">Mahmoud el Hosseny<\/span> DJ mulid song<\/p>\n<h6> Resources:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aswandancers.org\/shaabi.htm\">More Shaabi info on Amina&#8217;s site: <\/a>Shaabi singers and their songs &#8211; Some songs are complete; others will  give some words and the general gist. Then I  give my translations, etc.<br \/>\nReferences: Al Ahram, Walter Ambrust, Nicholas Puig, Michael Frishkopf, James   Grippo, Jennifer Peterson, Debbie Smith&#8217;s and my personal research and the   internet<\/h6>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/graphics\/acommentbox.jpg\" alt=\"use the comment box\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ready4more\">\n<p>Have a comment? Use or comment section at the bottom of this page or <a href=\"mailto:editor@gildedserpent.com\">Send us a letter!<\/a> <br \/>\nCheck the &quot;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/let2ed.htm\">Letters to the Editor<\/a>&quot; for other possible viewpoints!<\/p>\n<p>Ready for more?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!--end ready4more --><\/p>\n<div class=\"articlelist\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>6-11-09 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/06\/11\/aminaarabiclessons\/\">Arabic\tLessons, My Introduction to Shaabi, Part 1<\/a> by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nShe taught us that besides learning the words and their meanings, Egyptians do not stand still when singing. They dance around a bit and use their hands, body and eyes to gesture according to the songs. <\/li>\n<li><strong>5-17-09 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/05\/17\/aminaadaweyashaabi\/\">Ahmed Adaweya My Introduction to Shaabi<\/a> by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nWhere once he was known as a master plumber, he had now become a master of Saltana.<\/li>\n<li><strong>6-28-09<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/06\/28\/aminafaruk\/\"> Faruk Sarsa ; The Life of an Artist of Mohamed Ali Street<\/a> by Amina Goodyear<br \/>\n<\/strong> The best drums and riqs, however, were inlaid with mother of pearl\tand had fish skin heads. The best store selling these instruments was Music Center. It was owned by Mohamed Sarsa who had the fish skin monopoly and the best instruments of this kind.<\/li>\n<li><strong align=\"left\"><strong>9-17-07 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art41\/aminachanges.htm\">Changes: Egyptian Dance &#8211; Has it crossed the line?<\/a> by Amina Goodyear<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/strong>Both festivals, held in Giza were isolated and insulated from the people and the Cairo that I know and love. <\/li>\n<li><strong>8-17-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/08\/17\/amina-horacio-cifuentes-book-review\/\">And I thought I Knew Him, Horacio Cifuentes: Confessions of a Male Belly Dancer<\/a> Book Review by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, I thought I knew Horacio Cifuentes, a San Francisco dancer who moved to Berlin to be with and wed Beata Zadou. After reading his book, I realized I really did not know him. The book, &ldquo;Confessions of a Male Belly Dancer&rdquo;, is exactly that. It is a self-produced autobiography written in a very sincere, almost shockingly honest way. It is personal and personable. <\/li>\n<li><strong>7-16-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/07\/16\/amina-reviews-fusing-jazz-with-middle-eastern\/\">Fusing Jazz with Middle Eastern, Souren&rsquo;s &quot;Taksim, It&rsquo;s About Time&quot; and Vince&rsquo;s &quot;Beginnings&quot;, Two CDs Reviewed<\/a> by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nHowever, in all reality, now in this world when we fuse a Belly dance with everything as well as the kitchen sink (pots, spoons, mop handles, bowls, vases, trays) why not consider seriously performing to one or both of these Jazz fusion CDs played by some of the most respected Middle Eastern musicians in the field?  If dancers perform already with fusion music, why not use music that is specifically fusion? <\/li>\n<li><strong>6-25-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/06\/25\/amina-reviews-yasmin-genies-cd\">Recreating the Live Sounds of Egypt, Yasmin&rsquo;s &quot;Dancing with Genies-Hafla al Afareet&quot;<\/a> CD review by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nUpon first hearing this CD, I liked, no, I loved, the way it sounded like a live show. Exciting! Nevertheless, I question why some tracks sounded like they were recorded in a sterile studio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5-31-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/05\/31\/amina-creating-and-experiencing-musical-ecstasy\/\">Creating and Listening to Musical Ecstacy, CD Review-Yasmin&rsquo;s &quot;Cry to the Moon, Taqsim lil Qamar&quot;<\/a> reviewed by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nTaqsim traditionally follows a certain melodic progression&hellip; Following the introduction, the improviser is free to move anywhere in the maqam and even modulate to other &quot;maqams&quot; as long as he returns to the original. Taqsim is considered by many to be a connection to the spritual world.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5-18-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/05\/17\/amina-reviews-faisal-cd\/\">The Art of Listening, Faisal&#8217;s CD, &quot;Madar&quot;<\/a> reviewed by Amina Goodyear<\/strong><br \/>\nThis CD is best for dancing in the mind, not in the class. (There are, however, several tracks that are dance pieces.) <\/li>\n<li><strong>10-1-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/10\/01\/ask-yasmina-14\/\">Ask Yasmina #14: Pro Dancer vs Religion, Importance of Training, Khaleegy Music<\/a> by Yasmina Ramzy<\/strong> <br \/>\nThen, I would speak to them about being authentic. If Bellydance was chosen with conviction, love and integrity, then their relationship with God would remain real and honest and maybe one day they might win back the respect of her family.  It was still a huge risk, but at least, they could have comfort in living an authentic life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>9-26-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/09\/26\/iman-yahalla-2010\/\">A Dancer&#8217;s Perspecitive: 2010 Yaa Halla Y\u2019all Belly Dance Competition<\/a> by Iman, Photos by Carl Sermon and MsShuqa<\/strong><br \/>\nYaa Halla Y\u2019all is an action-packed, four-day event for all styles of Belly dance: Tribal, Alternative, and Cabaret.<\/li>\n<li><strong>9-16-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/09\/16\/jasmine-june-zadiel-berlin\/\">To Berlin and Back, Bridging Cultures Through Belly Dance<\/a> by Jasmine June<\/strong><br \/>\nIn this way, he demonstrated that belly dance isn\u2019t something that is defined by culture. Rather, it is an art form that can be perfected by anyone who puts their mind to it, and it\u2019s an art form that can be used to bridge cultures rather than divide them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>9-15-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/newsgraphics\/ComKaleidoscope.htm\">Sausan&#8217;s Birthday Party<\/a> Video report on the Community Kaleidoscope<\/strong><br \/>\nOn August 22, 2010, Sausan held a show featureing &quot;fellow vintage dancers&quot; including herself. She cooked a huge buffet. Enjoy the clips of these dancers: Asia, Alana, Una, Stasha, Amina Goodyear, Nisima, Neyehma and Zelina. We missed the others, Sorry!<\/li>\n<li><strong>9-13-10<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/09\/13\/mark-balahadia-visit-beirut\/\"> Visit Beirut! Peace Brings Prosperity and New Dancers<\/a> by Mark Balahadia<\/strong><br \/>\nHowever, it was now finally peaceful in Beirut this year. The Lebanese resiliency and ability to rebound from crises is what encourages many of its citizens to live life to the fullest extent, and this passion is what lures tourists and expatriates every year. <\/li>\n<li><strong>9-10-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/09\/10\/anne-white-london-scene\/\">Our London Scene: A Guide, Clubs, Events, and Resources<\/a> by Anne White<\/strong><br \/>\nHi to all our state-side friends over \u201cThe Pond\u201d and elsewhere! For those intending to visit London, I thought you would like a \u201cWhat\u2019s on in London?\u201d guide to spice up any intended visit\u2013whether now or future.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The History of Shaabi by Amina Goodyear posted October 4, 2010 In February and September of 2009 Amina Goodyear and Debbie Smith gave workshops on Shaabi. We called it Keda? Keda Ho! (Like this? Like this!) What is Shaabi? As a word, Shaabi has multiple meanings in Arabic: \u201cfolk\u201d, \u201cpopular (of the people).\u201d As a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1968"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1968\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}