{"id":2684,"date":"2011-05-25T20:19:37","date_gmt":"2011-05-26T03:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/?p=2684"},"modified":"2011-05-25T20:19:37","modified_gmt":"2011-05-26T03:19:37","slug":"shema-inverting-gaze-part3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/25\/shema-inverting-gaze-part3\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformation of Beauty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art54\/graphics54\/pinupport.jpg\" alt=\"Pin up portrait\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Inverting the Gaze, Part 3<\/h2>\n<h3>by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/aboutuspages\/shema.html\">Shema<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"footnotes\">posted May 25, 2011<br \/>\nPart 1- <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/08\/15\/shema-medusa-dualities-part-1\/\">Medusa Dualities in Female Bellydance Performance and How the Gaze Continues to be Relevant Today<\/a> <br \/>\nPart 2- <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/03\/10\/shema-cultural-traditions-vs-sexual-stereotypes\/\">Cultural Traditions vs Sexual Stereotypes <\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"highlight\"><em>\u201cWe cannot expect  any advantage from the beautiful since it serves no purpose.\u201d&#8211;Gadamer<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Within the world of  belly dance, we are constantly faced with representations of feminine beauty, which  are increasingly taking over from the dance itself, to form the basis of any  dancer\u2019s daily routine. This feeds into all areas of our careers: from the  pressure to own designer costumes; have studio-based photo shoots; create  perfect make-up; and even into the techniques themselves as we become more  aware of the \u2018poses\u2019 we use as we dance. This all apparently exists in order to  satisfy our audience, who seem now to expect even amateur dancers to possess  perfect, flawless photographs and the latest designs from Egypt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\"> Is this really  the case though? Are our audiences simply responding to what they are given and  is our perception of beauty now being taken over by our need to play the  cliched \u2018dancer\u2019 role?<\/p>\n<p>In the 1950s, Gadamer discussed the role of beauty  extensively, claiming that beauty itself derives pleasure from being  represented and that the presence of beauty distracts us from our everyday  existence. Conversely, having been told that they have to be beautiful in order  to be accepted, women have had to accept that the only pleasure they will  derive from this role is that of appreciation from others, since the very  reality of being beautiful would seem to disallow any other ability or worth to  society. Many among us have judged a woman as a \u201cbimbo\u201d based solely on the  fact that she happened to be exceptionally attractive! Further writings of  Gadamer explain:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cEven for us, the  beautiful is convincingly defined as something that enjoys universal  recognition and assent. Thus, it belongs to our natural sense of the beautiful  that we cannot ask why it pleases us.\u201d <\/em>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art54\/graphics54\/wildwoman.jpg\" alt=\"Wild woman poster\" width=\"182\" height=\"277\" align=\"left\" \/>As women and  performers, why cannot we see beyond physical representation, when we, too, are  trying our hardest to achieve such beauty in our own lives? Such hypocrisy  ensures that we can never escape the limitations that society and, thus, we  place these same limitations upon our own bodies.\u00a0 Within the symbolic world of performance art,  it often seems that we have little choice but to play the roles for which the  audience has paid and expects to see.<\/p>\n<p>The two following  quotations directly challenge the notion of man and woman as polar opposites (<em>heteropolar<\/em>)  in society, condemning women as one-dimensional beings:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cOnce a label has  been applied, it is virtually impossible to remove it, or to change the  opinion, regardless of how accurate it may or may not be.\u201d<\/em><br \/> <br \/>\n&#8212;<strong>Holly Hughes<\/strong> in \u201cAngry Women.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<table width=\"120\" border=\"0\" align=\"right\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<td width=\"120\"><iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=3836503050&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=0872862097&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&amp;o=1&amp;p=8&amp;l=as1&amp;asins=1890451053&amp;ref=tf_til&amp;fc1=000000&amp;IS2=1&amp;lt1=_blank&amp;m=amazon&amp;lc1=0000FF&amp;bc1=000000&amp;bg1=FFFFFF&amp;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"No\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>And<strong> Karen Finley<\/strong> agrees:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cPeople still use  stereotypes of women&#8211;if a woman doesn\u2019t fit one pattern, they\u2019ll fit her into another.  And in the process they\u2019ll use some really ugly names&#8230;\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Helene Cixous<\/strong> also writes  profusely and with complexity on this subject:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cIf there is a self  [that is] proper to woman, paradoxically, it is her capacity to depropriate  herself [make herself seem inappropriate] without self-interest: endless body,  without \u2018end\u2019, without principal \u2018parts\u2019; if she is a whole, it is a whole made  up of parts that are wholes, not simple, partial objects but varied entirety,  [with] moving and boundless change, a cosmos where Eros never stops travelling,  vast astral space. \u2026That doesn\u2019t mean that she is undifferentiated magma; it  means that she doesn\u2019t create a monarchy of her body or her desire.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Georges Bataille<\/strong> theorised that  desire and sexuality are essentially damaging to the progression of society,  since they must (by their very nature) distract man from his work. At the time  of Bataille\u2019s writing in the 1950s, man was expected to curb his lusts in order  to focus more on achieving the perfect life. The result was a life based on the  increase of wealth and commodities; since television and Hollywood were  becoming more accessible to the general public, men felt pressure to conform  and increase material wealth. Predominantly, men found that wealth could be achieved  through work; if a man applied himself with diligence, he might be able to buy  his way to happiness! <\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately,  women were not allowed the same opportunities and were seen as commodities  that, once bought, would complete the man\u2019s ideal home existence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\">Women\u2019s sexuality  was the ultimate commodity&#8211;dangerous if set loose, but while under control, it  guaranteed a fulfilment for the hard-working husband. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art54\/graphics54\/hardworkinghusband.jpg\" alt=\"Hardworking Husband\" width=\"182\" height=\"243\" align=\"left\" \/>Nevertheless, women  who existed outside these controls were considered a threat to social order;  they encouraged men to have lustful thoughts that would distract the men from  the driving force of industry and commerce&#8211;the earning of wealth.<\/p>\n<p>Desire was packaged  and sold to the masses, and it was decidedly feminine. Society became  accustomed to seeing female sexuality as a possession, and women began to  believe that they needed to aspire to the gendered standards set out for them  by the male consumers and male society leaders. Over time, and despite the best  efforts of feminists in the 1970s, the representation of the female body has  continued to be emblematic of both desire and commodity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\">Since the release  of the <em>Star Wars<\/em> films in 1978, for example, the cup size of Princess  Leia\u2019s breasts has tripled! <\/p>\n<p>If I were to  suggest that the reaction to Bellydancers has changed over the years, then I  must associate that change with the alteration of visual imagery in the media  and advertising. Most people are familiar with the scenario clich\u00e9s of the <strong>James  Bond<\/strong> films in which (even in their home environment) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/articles4\/Bertconv2lora.htm\">Bellydancers are  invariably portrayed as accessible (and easy) prey for Mr. Bond<\/a>.\u00a0 Therefore, it is not surprising that when we  are performing now, we face these same associations after at least thirty years  of this depiction having been imprinted upon the common mind.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cThe positions of  the female performer and the female spectator are collapsed into one; they  become prostitutes who buy and sell their own image in a male-generated visual  economy. They are goods in the representational marketplace, commodities in an  exchange by means of which they are both objectified.\u201d <\/em><strong><em>&#8211;Walter Benjamin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Thus, women become prostitutes in whom we can read dialectical or  opposing images that present themselves as both the product and the seller in  one. However, Benjamin could not account for performers who not only sell and  are sold, but entirely remove the viewer from the process. Many performers are  using such techniques to express this removal from the perceived need for a  male gaze to make them feel worthy as artists.\u00a0  However, the concept carries far beyond the stage into general society.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cIt is out of the question for [women] to go to \u2018market\u2019 on their own,  enjoy their own worth among themselves, speak to each other, desire each other,  free from the control of seller-buyer-consumer subjects. And the interests of  businessmen require that commodities relate to each other as rivals. But what  if these \u2018commodities\u2019 refused to go to \u2018market\u2019? What if they maintained \u2018another\u2019  kind of commerce, among themselves?\u201d <\/em><em>&#8211;<strong>-Walter Benjamin<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>And what if this was applied to the whole of female society? If we were  able to remove ourselves from the \u201cmarket\u201d and were no longer viewed as  commodities, would we have achieved the long sought after equality? If belly  dancers were able to work within their ranks to cancel out the use of our image  as a sexually compliant one and existed only as respected artists, would we  even be content? How would this affect our earnings, our work ethics and the  community as a whole? Would you, as a dancer, be happier in the knowledge that  you were respected as an artist, or is there a part in all of us which secretly  longs for, and consequently, perpetuates, the oriental fantasy?<\/p>\n<h5>Resources:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"footnotes\">Gademar, Hans-Georg (1986) <em>The Relevance of the Beautiful and Other Essays<\/em> ed. Robert Bernasconi. Cambridge   University Press <\/li>\n<li class=\"footnotes\">Juno,  A and Vale, V. (1999) <em>Angry Women<\/em> Research Publications, Juno Books LLC<\/li>\n<li class=\"footnotes\">Sellers, Susan (1994) <em>The Helene Cixous Reader<\/em> Routledge <\/li>\n<li class=\"footnotes\">Hart,  Linda and Phelan Peggy (1993) <em>Acting Out-Feminist Performances<\/em> University of Michegan Press <\/li>\n<li class=\"footnotes\">Schneider, Rebecca (1997) <em>The  Explicit Body in Performance<\/em> Routledge <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/graphics\/acommentbox.jpg\" alt=\"use the comment box\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ready4more\">\n<p>Have a comment? Use or comment section at the bottom of this page or <a href=\"mailto:editor@gildedserpent.com\">Send us a letter!<\/a> <br \/>\nCheck the &quot;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/let2ed.htm\">Letters to the Editor<\/a>&quot; for other possible viewpoints!<\/p>\n<p>Ready for more?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t<!--end ready4more --><\/p>\n<div class=\"articlelist\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-10-11 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/03\/10\/shema-cultural-traditions-vs-sexual-stereotypes\/\">Cultural Traditions vs Sexual Stereotypes Part 2 of The Female Gaze or &quot;Medusa Dualities in Female Bellydance Performance and How the Gaze Continues to be Relevant Today&quot;<\/a> by Shema <br \/>\nThere is a fine line between respecting cultural traditions and histories and reinforcing behaviours which are inherently damaging to the perception of the female body and its rights.<\/li>\n<li><strong>8-15-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/08\/15\/shema-medusa-dualities-part-1\/\">Inverting the Gaze, Medusa Dualities in Female Bellydance Performance and How the Gaze Continues to be Relevant Today<\/a> by Shema<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is not so hard to understand when we consider that the representation of female sexuality has been so over-developed as to become almost a parody of itself. <\/li>\n<li><strong>4-16-10 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2010\/04\/16\/andrea-panel-belly-dance-feminism\/\">Belly Dance and Feminism: Different Issues, Different Perspectives<\/a> Introduction to IBCC Panel on Bellydance and Feminism<\/strong><br \/>\nFeminism embraces more than one point of view, and feminist perspectives lead to many different decisions and courses of action.  Feminism is a tool for thinking \u2013 for understanding and putting a name to issues you may be wrestling with in your own dance life, and for seeing belly dance in the light of broader economic, social and political realities. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-5-09<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/05\/05\/shemaonehip\/\">One Hip in Each Camp, My Experience of Working in Both the Arabesque Dance Company and the Arabesque Orchestra<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by\tShema\/EmmaLucy Col<\/span>e<br \/>\nMy dancing is fuelled by my understanding of the music and now, my playing is influenced by the emotions I experience when I dance. It is a cyclical experience which has been boosted by this incredible opportunity to work with some of the most talented Arabic musicians on the scene<\/li>\n<li><strong>7-17-07 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art40\/IshtarFilmBD.htm\">Belly Dance, Through the Eye of the Camera<\/a> by Ishtar<br \/>\n<\/strong>Males dominate photography and film industries in both the west and the east. As well as ideas concerning the status of the dancer and gender, films involving belly dancers can give us information on the class dynamic and stratification that exists.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-24-11 <\/span> <span class=\"articlelink\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/24\/belly-dancer-year-2011-contestants\/\">Belly Dancer of the Year 2011 Contestants! Who Will Win This Coming Weekend?<\/a><\/span> <br \/>\nSneak preview of who you will see this weekend at this year&#8217;s contest <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-20-11 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/20\/samia-nasser-iraqi-dancer\/\"><span class=\"articlelink\">Iraqi Ra\u2019qisa\u2019s Life in America, North Beach Memories and More!<\/span><\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Samia Nasser<\/span><br \/>\n\u201cWhen I was watching you dance, I thought I was watching an Egyptian movie!\u201d<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-19-11<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/19\/amina-walk-egyptian\/\" class=\"articlelink\"> Walk Like an Egyptian<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Amina Goodyear<\/span><br \/>\nBefore I learned to &quot;walk like an Egyptian&quot;, I wanted to drum like an African! Since my early teens, I  had been collecting African drum LPs (as well as conga and bongo drums) and was either dancing like a possessed child or trying to make rhythms happen on drum skins.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-17-11<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/17\/nada-el-masriya-moulid\/\" class=\"articlelink\">A Moulid in an Egyptian Village<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Nada El Masriya and David Krysco<\/span><br \/>\nAfter the feast, the traditional Sai\u2019eet (story teller), who could be a man or a woman, started telling stories accompanied by a full traditional orchestra. The entire village enjoyed stories about life, love, religion, and wisdom. Throughout history, the Sai\u2019eet has been the educator, entertainer, and critic of life.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-16-11<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/16\/tasha-banat-bahrain\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Back from Bahrain, Tiny Kingdom\u2019s Riots are Puzzling <\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Tasha Banat<\/span><br \/>\nApproximately at the same time as the invasions of the French, British, etc. upon the Ottoman Empire the art of Belly dancing was introduced in cabarets of Egypt and Lebanon, as well as Turkey (Istanbul). <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-12-11<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/12\/najia-soundbyte-2-get-over-it\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Get Over It! Soundbyte Bellydance Part Two<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Najia Marlyz<\/span><br \/>\nImagine yourself dancing inside of a huge plastic jug full of gel or detergent.  Pull and push your movements through the viscosity with conviction! <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-11-11<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/11\/simona-moroccan-dreams\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Moroccan Dreams: My New Festival in Marrakech<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Simona Guzman<\/span><br \/>\nThere is a mixture of faces in one region. There are so many different cultures that live in harmony \u2013in the same place\u2013 that it is difficult to remain indifferent. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-10-11<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/10\/ahava-ana-raasa-showcase\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Ana Ra&#8217;asa Showcase: Egyptian Bellydance Past &amp; Present<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Ahava, photos by Carl and MaShuqa<\/span><br \/>\nMy purpose for doing this show was to bring Bellydance to the stage. We have such amazing talent in the Bay Area, and I feel that those dancers deserved a stage to showcase such amazing talent.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">5-4-11<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2011\/05\/04\/andye-jaki-black-orchid-danse-2010\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Raqs Royalty Lights Up Atlanta! Black Orchid Danse, 2010<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Andye, Photos by Jaki Hawthorn<\/span><br \/>\nShe turned this modern Maghreb raqs raissa into a belly dance fusion fanatic. <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Inverting the Gaze, Part 3 by Shema posted May 25, 2011 Part 1- Medusa Dualities in Female Bellydance Performance and How the Gaze Continues to be Relevant Today Part 2- Cultural Traditions vs Sexual Stereotypes \u201cWe cannot expect any advantage from the beautiful since it serves no purpose.\u201d&#8211;Gadamer Within the world of belly dance, we [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}