{"id":4838,"date":"2013-03-28T15:10:27","date_gmt":"2013-03-28T22:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/?p=4838"},"modified":"2013-03-28T15:10:27","modified_gmt":"2013-03-28T22:10:27","slug":"leyla-amir-bedlah-not-from-hollywood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/28\/leyla-amir-bedlah-not-from-hollywood\/","title":{"rendered":"Is the Bedlah from Hollywood?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The Origin of Our Costume<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/collage.jpg\" class=\"floatright\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Placeholder\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/aboutuspages\/LeylaAmir.html\">Leyla Amir<\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"footnotes\">posted March 28, 2013<\/span><\/h3>\n<p> As long as I can  remember, the origins of the <em>bedlah <\/em>(the two piece costume of Middle Eastern dancers)  has  been widely controversial and debated  among  the artists of<em> Raqs Sharqi <\/em>(belly dance)<em>.<\/em>\u00a0 The dance itself, along with the costume, has  gone through many centuries of changes and name identifications in accord with  period fashion as well as contact with outside influences. <\/p>\n<p> The traditional name  for the dance from the people of Egypt has been &ldquo;Raqs Sharqi&rdquo; (literally, Dance  of the East).\u00a0 Often, naming or labels occur  due to outside influences such as the French coining the term &ldquo;Danse Orientale&rdquo;  and &ldquo;Dance Du Ventre&rdquo; or as the slang term that was coined in the USA, which  was &ldquo;Belly Dance&rdquo;.\u00a0 Apparently that last  appellation began to be applied after the public had witnessed the dancer known  as <strong>Little Egypt<\/strong> at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art37\/ShiraWhiteCity.htm\">1893 World&rsquo;s Fair<\/a> who had been seen as &ldquo;shaking  her belly&rdquo; in her two piece outfit. Even though some history buffs have  suggested that Little Egypt was an Algerian, from the pictures and film of her  that I have seen, I would surmise that her costume was comparable to something  she might wear in her everyday life in her country. Other names include &ldquo;Middle  Eastern Dance&rdquo;&#8211;a broader term that could include both Oriental and folk styles  of the dance.\u00a0 These terms have been used  throughout the centuries to define a specific style or fashion along with its  dance that was born of undocumented foundations in various countries that, when  grouped together, are now referred to as &ldquo;The Middle East.&rdquo;\u00a0 <\/p>\n<table width=\"124\" border=\"0\" align=\"left\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<tr>\n<td><iframe src=\"http:\/\/rcm.amazon.com\/e\/cm?t=thegildedserpent&#038;o=1&#038;p=8&#038;l=as1&#038;asins=1550223712&#038;ref=qf_sp_asin_til&#038;fc1=000000&#038;IS2=1&#038;lt1=_blank&#038;m=amazon&#038;lc1=0000FF&#038;bc1=000000&#038;bg1=F9F281&#038;f=ifr\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" scrolling=\"no\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Pictures documented  by <span class=\"artist\">A.W. Stencell<\/span><span class=\"footnotes\"> (*1)\u00a0<\/span> illustrate how, once the genie was out of the bottle in the USA  after the 1893 Chicago World&rsquo;s Fair, the inclination of the general public\u00a0 was  to label the dancing as lewd. The pictures were used to\u00a0developed into &ldquo;girlie-shows&rdquo; of carnivals  and midway side-shows, becoming &ldquo;hoochie-koochie&rdquo; dancers in Oriental  costumes of the era, as a draw toward adult entertainment.\u00a0\u00a0 By the inherent nature of their costumed  movements, these dancers and their dance were branded as scandalous and they  were said to be dancing without using the head nor the feet.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p> &rdquo;During  this time in the USA, it was not customary to see a dancer stand in place and  just use their middle section to dance.\u00a0  Dancing was more a whole-body endeavor. &#8230;By this time, the public had  already been exposed to seeing ballet performances and general public dancing,  which had full body movement, moving on the floor and not stationary with only  isolated middle-of-the-body movements.&rdquo;<span class=\"footnotes\">(*1) \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p> In the USA, after  years of using the Oriental dancer as a draw for street carnivals,\u00a0 belly dancing moved into theater houses of  the burlesque,  embedding indelibly the image of the Oriental dancer&rsquo;s costume with burlesque.  No doubt that that image challenged the fashion of the costumes to be even more  revealing in order to accommodate burlesque&rsquo;s intent, thus changing the style  of the costume once again. There was no attempt to portray the movements as a  cultural dance form in the burlesque presentations&#8211;other than being exotic.<\/p>\n<p> Throughout history,  Egypt has had one of the strongest influences in the development of the dance  known there as Raqs Sharqi. Egypt is recognized through its antiquities as a  highly developed culture, including its art forms of music and dance.\u00a0\u00a0 The Egyptian dance style, while continuing  to evolve even until this day, still has a foundation of recognized movements  and traditions to which we dancers refer as &ldquo;Raqs Sharqi.&rdquo;\u00a0 When using this term, most are thinking about  the Egyptian style.\u00a0 For the purpose of  this article, and because of my background, I will be referring mostly to the  Egyptian beginnings of the costume and its cross-pollination from outside sources  over the centuries.<\/p>\n<p> The costume or<em> bedlah<\/em> (referring to the bra, belt and skirt), of Egyptian Oriental dancers  has also had the distinction as being the most popular style. However, \u00a0fashions have changed over the years with the  help of some outside influences.\u00a0 \u00a0In 1981, when I first began performing in  Egypt, the dance fashion at the time incorporated long beaded fringe, but  previously, shorter or non-existent fringe was the norm.\u00a0 With time, costume fringes have shortened  again and have nearly disappeared. Dance costume styles make an ebb and flow  of\u00a0 adapting and applying fashion  throughout history that reflects cultural changes\u00a0 and outside influences much in the same way  the dance and music have been affected.<\/p>\n<p> I  would like to theorize a possible trail of how Egypt influenced, and may have  started, the trend of the now well-known bedlah that typifies present  day Raqs Sharqi costumes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\">There are many  theories regarding the bedlah, including one that claims the  style originated in Hollywood, and another that claims it came from images made  famous by Orientalist painters\u00a0 when European fantasy  paintings were published in books and magazines.\u00a0 Since my point of reference is the Egyptian  dance, I want to re-state my view that ancient Egypt had a major influence in  the development of the bedlah.<\/p>\n<p class=\"sectiontitle\">Chronological\u00a0 History of Egypt with the Foreign Influences<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t  Pre-dynastic Egyptian  history has been dated back to 7000 years ago (before 3100 BC).\u00a0 The 1st Dynasty (3100-2686 BC) has  been dated to 5000 years ago when the<span class=\"artist\"> Pharaoh Mena <\/span>whom Egyptologists  recognized generally as the first Pharaoh who united the North and South  Kingdoms under one ruler.\u00a0\u00a0 Egypt was  known as &ldquo;Egepta&rdquo; or &ldquo;Kimet Land&rdquo; (referring to dark earth), the  rich and fertile land provided by the yearly flooding of the Nile.\u00a0 Egypt&rsquo;s ability to feed itself abundantly  made it a powerful evolving civilization that stayed isolated with natural  physical barriers, allowing it to flourish and help protect it from what most considered  lessor civilizations and invaders during that earlier era.<\/p>\n<p> A succession of  invaders eventually changed the civilization of ancient Pharaonic times towards  what it is today.\u00a0 Starting with the 15th  Dynasty (1650 BC), Egypt was ruled by the Hyksos (Syrians),\u00a0 Persians, Greeks, and Romans.\u00a0 The Roman invasions culminated in the end of  the Pharaonic dynasties with the demise of the last Pharaoh,<span class=\"artist\"> Cleopatra<\/span>. Later  invasions included people from central Arabia and Saudi Arabia, the Ottoman  Empire, and the colonial invasions of the French and the British. In addition  to these cultural and political influences, Egypt became connected to other  Middle Eastern countries of the area also and was the end point of the &ldquo;Silk  Road&rdquo; camel caravans, bringing food, spices, textiles, and\u00a0 fashions.\u00a0  While it is true that many of the invaders, visitors, and trade  merchants assimilated and absorbed much of Egypt, it is also true that, in  turn, Egypt absorbed some of their customs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"sectiontitle\"> Presentation  of Evidence<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t  As a foundation for  the dancer&rsquo;s fundamental costume style,\u00a0  I present some pictures from &ldquo;Al-Mawsu&rsquo;ah Al-Misriyal&rdquo;.<span class=\"footnotes\">(*2)<\/span>\u00a0 The drawings and pictures were taken from the  discovered tombs that were decorated elaborately with scenes of life that  existed at the time they were painted. These comes from my husband&#8217;s books. He has a masters in Egyptology from Chicago University, Oriental Institute. He  grew up as a child studying and seeing first hand the antiquities, accompanying  his father as he traveled<br \/>\nEgypt in the service of the Royal Family.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanA.jpg\" width=\"371\" height=\"500\" alt=\"scan A\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Tombs of the nobles all depict activities of daily living, while the tombs of a king had murals depicting a religious nature.<br \/>\n\t      This is a daily activities scene of musicians from a nobles tomb. Party goers at top  and musicians at the bottom<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanB-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"356\" alt=\"Bare assed servants\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"> 2 servants dressed quite bare and shear.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanB-2.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"328\" alt=\"styles of dress from neighboring countires\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Different dress styles from Lybia and other parts of Africa\n\t\t  <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanC-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"272\" alt=\"Funeral dance\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">A funeral dance <\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanC-2.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"237\" alt=\"Party dancers\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">A party  with musicians and dancers<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanD-2.jpg\" width=\"310\" height=\"500\" alt=\"Teaching dance in ancient Egypt\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">These are a teachers and students, of dance and acrobatics.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanD-1.jpg\" width=\"394\" height=\"500\" alt=\"A religious scene with Musicians usng a def\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">A religious scene with musicians using a deft <\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanD-3.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"269\" alt=\"dancers in hip wraps\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Female dancers doing acrobatics bare chested with a cloth or skirt around their hips. <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanE-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Acrobats\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t    Acrobats with breasts exposed with a one sholder strap and shear lower body covering ending at the line at mid calf.\n\t\t  <\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanE-2.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"254\" alt=\"African Dancing\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Dancers from  Africa.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanE-3.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"472\" alt=\"Funeral Dancing\" \/><br \/>\n\t      This is a funeral dance or el &quot;mau&quot; dance.\t\t  <\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanE-4.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"279\" alt=\"beaded Hip Wrap\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Is this a beaded hip wrap? She is bare breasted and wears earrings while doing a backbend.<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanF.jpg\" width=\"376\" height=\"500\" alt=\"scan F\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Dancers wear adornment around the hips with a possibly beaded belt!<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Egyptbook-scanG.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"341\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\">Musicians on harp, flute, and thodar- a precurser to the guitar. <\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Leylas3musicians.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" alt=\"Leyla's photo\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t  With special permission, Leyla was allowed to take the above photo in the tomb described in the photo below<\/p>\n<p class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/art58\/graphics58\/LeylaAmir\/Leylas3musicians-tombsign.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" alt=\"Tomb name\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Many drawings and  carvings show that it was common for dancers, both women and men, to be nude in  the chest area, with only a decorative belt or cloth wrap around the  waist.\u00a0 It was permissible to show the  posterior nude for\u00a0 dancing and  entertainment but not commonly the front genital area, although some drawings  show acrobats, wrestlers, slaves and children as fully nude.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\"> At that time,  Egyptian cloth was made from linen. It might have been worn, either sheer or  opaque, in an empire style dress that sometimes exposed the breasts.\u00a0 Accompanying text in the diagrams states that  male and female dance attire was form-fitting and revealing.\u00a0 Decorations included gold jewelry and clay  beads colored yellow, red, blue, black, orange and turquoise from bright dyes  made from plants and precious stones.\u00a0 <\/p>\n<p> People, including  women, often shaved their heads, because it was cooler and helped avoid lice.  Instead, wigs were commonly worn that were decorated with jewelry or plaited  into braids.\u00a0 Another common practice for  entertainers was to place a cone of perfumed wax upon their heads, which  melted, emitting a perfumed fragrance.<\/p>\n<p> Fashionable styles,  including the entertainer&rsquo;s costumes, changed over time as new, out-of-country  influences and religious ideas were assimilated into Egyptian culture,  frequently resulting in more body coverage.\u00a0  This, too, would influence the dance style and costuming. Each of the  traditional Egyptian dance styles, such as Oriental, Saidi, and Fellaheen, has  a distinct set of movements and music along with its costume.\u00a0 Most are reminiscent of the everyday dress  of the area.<br \/>\n\t\t  At one point in the  past, the dancers known as the &ldquo;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/archives\/GhawaziArchives.html\">Ghawazee<\/a>&rdquo; had a distinct costume style  that did not allude to Egypt.\u00a0 It has  been suggested by some that they were Gypsy travelers from India who eventually  settled in Luxor.\u00a0\u00a0 The Egyptian Bedouin,  who live in the Sahara Desert, also have their own unique costuming that is  reminiscent of their daily dress and a distinct sound to their music,  also.\u00a0 To my ears, it has the underlying  Egyptian flair but with heavy beats almost sounding like the traditional Arab  music.<\/p>\n<p class=\"highlight\"> Today&rsquo;s performers of  Raqs Sharqi still have their hip and chest areas adorned with jewels,  appliques, glass beads and sequins to accent the body and movements as they had  in the past.\u00a0 The styles have changed  from the time of the Pharaohs, but they still use essentially the same idea to  accentuate the female body and movement.<\/p>\n<p> Each Middle Eastern country with  Oriental dancers has its own fashion that reflects cross-pollination of design.  The dancers&rsquo; breasts are not fully exposed any more, but usually more than most  women would show during their everyday life but less than their beachwear.\u00a0 Sheer dresses with cleverly placed cutouts  expose the body to give the illusion of semi-nudity while covering certain body  areas for modesty.\u00a0 This fashion has been  adapted into the more traditional styles such as the <em>Saidi<\/em> or <em>Beledi<\/em> (country) dress that may be sheer or feature a cutout at the chest area to  reveal a decorated bra.\u00a0 Performances in  venues that highlight authenticity of costume style or who perform in a family  audience would be more likely to have a less showy or flashy costume and would  be more modest.<\/p>\n<p class=\"sectiontitle\"> In Conclusion:<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t  Personally, I believe  that the <em>bedlah <\/em>of today&rsquo;s Oriental dancers was inspired by  ancient Egyptian daily dress, while the more traditional and folk dancers have  their costumes derived and inspired by the dress of daily life in the country  of origin.\u00a0 This would lead me to  conclude that real life inspired the costumes of Hollywood movies and what was  available knowledge at the time rather than vice-versa.<\/p>\n<p> What I have observed  throughout the years is that the distinction between the costume styles for the  Oriental dancer has had the gap closed of late between the different Middle  Eastern countries and many dancers tend to lean toward emulating the newer  style of the Egyptian dancers. I would assert that this is due to the fact of  the popularity of the Egyptian style and its music.\u00a0 The newer costumes now are more giving of  movement with the advent of the new stretchy fabrics and the simplicity of  design and adornment.\u00a0 The ease of making  such a costume for a world mass-market also plays into the economy of producing  a less time-consuming product than in the past. From my observation, it is only  the folk style that has remained a constant in each country.<\/p>\n<h5>Reference &amp; Resources:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h6>* A.W. Stencell,<em> Girl Show: Into the Canvas World of Bump and Grind. Toronto Canada: ECW Press<\/em> 1999.<\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h6>* Dr. Mohammed Gamel El Din Mokhtar <strong>&ldquo;Facts of Egypt&rdquo;<\/strong>  Cairo: Egypt Press, 1973<\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h6><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/aboutuspages\/LeylaAmir.html\">Author&#8217;s Bio page<\/a><br \/>\n  <\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/graphics\/acommentbox.jpg\" alt=\"use the comment box\" align=\"right\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ready4more\">\n<p>Have a comment? Use or comment section at the bottom of this page or <a href=\"mailto:editor@gildedserpent.com\">Send us a letter!<\/a> <br \/>\nCheck the &quot;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/let2ed.htm\">Letters to the Editor<\/a>&quot; for other possible viewpoints!<\/p>\n<p>Ready for more?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<!--end ready4more --><\/p>\n<div class=\"articlelist\">\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">10-19-09 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/10\/19\/deagonnakedbdpart1\/\">Naked Belly Dance in Ancient Egypt, Part 1: Are They Really Belly Dancing?<\/a><span class=\"articleauthor\">by Andrea Deagon PhD<\/span><br \/>\nThe real first question is, &quot;What is belly dance?&quot; Many elements of the modern practice of belly dance emerged in the 20th century. Our emphasis on the female soloist, the structure of the typical show in both the East and the West, the style of music we dance to, our costuming, our specific styles of relationship with the audience, and so on, are modern developments.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\"> 11-16-09 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/11\/16\/deagonnakedbdpart2\/\">Naked Belly Dance in Ancient Egypt, Part 2: Are They Really Naked?<\/a><span class=\"articleauthor\">by Andrea Deagon PhD<\/span><br \/>\n                      What does nudity mean in a dance scene like this? And does this nudity reflect an actual practice of naked dancing as banquet entertainment?<\/li>\n<li> <span class=\"articledate\"> 9-17-09 <\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2009\/09\/17\/yasminsex\/\">Sex, Belly Dance and the Afterlife<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\"> by Yasmin Henkesh<\/span><br \/>\nTo these people, sex was not dirty, shameful, frightening or forbidden. It was a natural part of daily life and the essential prerequisite for birth &#8211; on earth or in the Afterlife. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-26-13<\/span> <span class=\"articlelink\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/26\/kamala-interviews-shira-jane-la\/\">Southern Cal\u2019s \u201cShira\u201d Reminisces Dancing in Los Angeles Nightclubs in the \u201870s and \u201880s<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"articleauthor\">Interview by Kamala<\/span><br \/>\n                    In the late 1970s and early 1980s, along with the multiple Arabic clubs in Hollywood, there was also a thriving Greek, Armenian and Persian nightclub presence in the Los Angeles area. Shira (Jane Padgett) was a popular dancer in those clubs and is still a popular working dancer in Southern California. In this business, there are the dancers with a presence in the dance community due to participation in showcases, competitions, teaching  and self-promotion,and additionally, there are the &quot;workhorses&quot;, those who slogged away at the clubs, entertaining the masses for years and years, flying under the radar.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-19-13<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/19\/carl-sermon-bellydance-photos-carnival-stars\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Photos from Carnival of Stars 2012, Page 2: A-K <\/a><span class=\"articleauthor\">by MaShuqa and Carl Sermon<\/span><br \/>\n                    Ahava, Alanna, AMany, Amina, Andrea, Annette, Aswan Dancers, Atlantis, Black Diamond, Badia, Basinah, Birute, Cathy Guthrie, Ciranoush, Cory Zamora, Crystal Silmi Dance Co&#8230; <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-13-13<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/13\/nisaa-el-dorado-cairo\/\"><span class=\"articlelink\">The Search for El Dorado\u2026in Cairo<\/span><\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Heather D Ward\/ Nisaa<\/span><br \/>\n                    The name \u201cEl Dorado\u201d conjures up images of a fruitless quest for an unattainable, even mythical, goal.  The El Dorado in this discussion, however, is neither myth nor fantasy.  El Dorado was a sala or caf\u00e9 chantant, an entertainment hall, located in the heart of Cairo\u2019s Ezbekiyah entertainment district. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-12-13<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/12\/carl-sermon-photos-carnival-of-stars-2012\/\" class=\"articlelink\">Photos from Carnival of Stars 2012, Page 1: L-Z <\/a><span class=\"articleauthor\">by MaShuqa and Carl Sermon<\/span><br \/>\n                    56 goergeous photos! &#8230;Latifa, Linah, Lulu, LUna, Mahsati, Malia, MaShuqa, Melina, Migracia, Monica, Mystique, Maiya, Namira, Nancy, Nanna, Natika, Nisima, Nyla, Parri, Princess Farhana&#8230;. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">3-11-13 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/03\/11\/najia-vintage-lace-costume\/\" class=\"articlelink\">The One-of-a-kind Costume Still Fascinates:Re-envision, Recycle, Renew, and Remember<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Najia Marlyz<\/span><br \/>\n                    Sometimes, perhaps more often than not, those people whom we love, and those things that we enjoy doing, introduce new facets into our lives that change our perspective of what becomes important to us in the long run.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">2-20-13<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/02\/20\/gabriel-helwa-barcelona-photos-wael-muniqu\/\"><span class=\"articlelink\">A Special Meeting in Barcelona, Munique Brings Wael Mansour for a Workshop and Show <\/span><\/a><span class=\"articleauthor\">by Helwa and Gabriel Monserrat Lopez<\/span><br \/>\n                    At Academia de Danza del Vientre Munique Neith \u00a0on 29th \u00a0and 30th of September 2012, two workshops took place with Munique Neith (the sponsor), Wael Mansour and young talents of Oriental dance from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France. \u00a0Tradition and modernity merged together on this warm weekend. <\/li>\n<li><span class=\"articledate\">2-19-13<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/2013\/02\/19\/zaina-brown-western-sahara-part2\/\" class=\"articlelink\">What Lies Beneath Part 2, The Morocco Tourists Don&#8217;t See, Suspicion, Lifestyle, Wedding, &amp; Rescue<\/a> <span class=\"articleauthor\">by Zaina Brown<\/span><br \/>\n                    What\u2019s depressing about Laayoune is the idea of it: what it represents, not the city itself. Buildings, painted in salmon color like Marrakech, palm trees planted in pretty town squares, clean streets, restaurants and cafes, busy market places and a gorgeous plaza where people stroll at night.  If you didn\u2019t know any better, you would love this place! In reality, you are inside an enormous military base, while the city is a mere facade.                    <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As long as I can remember, the origins of the bedlah (the two piece costume of Middle Eastern dancers) has been widely controversial and debated among the artists of Raqs Sharqi (belly dance).  The dance itself, along with the costume, has gone through many centuries of changes and name identifications in accord with period fashion as well as contact with outside influences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[29,27,21,54,25,51,43,144,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4838"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4838\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.gildedserpent.com\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}